尖峰岭热带山地雨林主要神类能量背景值测定分析

本文报道了海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林主要树种６７种、灌木及大型木质藤本植物１６种的各器官的热值。结果表明,热带森林主要种类的热值差异甚大,即使相同属内的一些种类,均具有明显的差异,这种差异与植物种的生物学特性有关,即在生活型的分类系统中,芽位越高的植物其热值越高,但在同一树种中,不同个体大小的植株,其差异不明显;不同植物种的根系热值也差异不大。一般情况下,树叶的热值较大,树干、树皮、树枝和根系次之。已初步证明了部分热带植物含有较多的硅、锰、铁、钙等元素,它们在样品燃烧后形成了颗粒状的剩余物,这是一个值得更深入探讨的新问题。     

尖峰岭热带山地雨林主要种类能量背景值测定分析

 本文报道了海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林主要树种67种、灌木及大型木质藤本植物16种的各器官的热值。结果表明,热带森林主要种类的热值差异甚大,即使相同属内的一些种类,均具有明显的差异,这种差异与植物种的生物学特性有关,即在生活型的分类系统中,芽位越高的植物其热值越高,但在同一树种中,不同个体大小的植株,其差异不明显;不同植物种的根系热值也差异不大。一般情况下,树叶的热值较大,树干、树皮、树枝和根系次之。 已初步证明了部分热带植物含有较多的硅、锰、铁、钙等元素,它们在样品燃烧后形成了颗粒状的剩余物,这是一个值得更深入探讨的新问题。     

Natural Occurrence ofChondrostereum purpureumin Relation to Its Use as a Biological Control Agent in Canadian Forests

The incidence of natural fructification ofChondrostereum purpureumwas estimated quantitatively on southern Vancouver Island during two winter seasons in randomly located 1000-m²plots and compared with potential added fructification that might occur as a result of using the fungus to control stump-sprouting of hardwood weeds in young forest stands. Fructification was surveyed in forests as well as in urban or agricultural areas by estimating the surface areas of woody substrates covered with basidiocarps. In addition to random plots, estimates were made also in locations where the fungus would be expected to occur (woodpiles, silvicultural thinnings, and killed trees). Basidiocarps were found throughout the area in various types of forest cover as well as in urban or agricultural situations. The amount of added fructification through the use of the fungus as a biological control agent was determined from inoculated plots as well as from calculated stump-surface areas developed from published stand-density data. Added fructification was multiplied by a factor representing the maximum biological control frequency in order to compare added fructification with natural fructification values. From the various calculations, it was determined that the added fructification ofC. purpureumis of the same order of magnitude as naturally occurring levels or even lower. In addition, there is a distinct geographical separation between predominantly forestry and predominantly settled areas where fruit and ornamental trees are cultivated. Accordingly, it was concluded that using the fungus as a biological control agent in forestry is not likely to pose a significant threat to fruit growing and commercial forests.     

Rotifers from the Canadian high arctic (Devon Island,Northwest territories)

Samples from eight water bodies in the region of Truelove and Sparbo Hardy Lowland, Devon Island (75 ° 30 N, 86 ° 00 W) yielded 70 taxa (4 Bdelloidea, 66 Monogononta) of rotifers, nineteen of which are new records for the Canadian High Arctic.     

REPRODUCTION IN THE FEMALE SUBANTARCTIC FUR SEAL, ARCTOCEPHALUS TROPICALIS

The reproductive tracts of 89 female subantarctic fur seals, taken at Gough Island between November 1977 and October 1978, were examined. Females started ovulating at age 4 yr and all 6-yr-old females were sexually mature. They are mono-ovulatory, alternating between ovaries, and only single embryos were found. Females older than 13 yr ( n = 11) showed poor follicular development and some failed to ovulate. The gestation period (first recorded ovulation to first recorded birth) was 360 d, while delayed implantation (first recorded ovulation to first recorded implantation) lasted for 139 days. Follicle numbers in the functional ovary declined sharply after ovulation while the corpus luteum increased in size until at least 1 mo prior to parturition. The number of follicles in the contralateral ovary increased after midwinter (June/July), and the mean size of the largest follicles peaked prior to ovulation in December. The mean size of the largest follicles increased in both ovaries near implantation time, after reaching a low subsequent to, ovulation. The regressing corpus albicans, conspicuous for approximately 3 mo after parturition, could not be detected macroscopically within one year postpartum. Subantarctic fur seals at Gough Island have a distinct postreproductive class of older females. The pregnancy rate for all females ≥4 yr of age was 79%, and it was 84.5% for the sexually mature group of ≥6 yr of age, while the mean age at puberty was 4.80 yr.     

沿海岛屿与内陆藓类植物遗传多样性和分化的比较研究——以真藓(Bryum argenteum Hedw.)为例

基于11个内陆居群和32个岛屿居群的252份标本,采用ISSR分子标记技术对真藓（Bryum argenteum Hedw.）的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果显示：岛屿与内陆居群间的遗传多样性差异显著,岛屿居群间的分化程度（G_st=0.453）大于内陆居群（G_st=0.387）,岛屿居群的遗传分化与地理来源间存在极显著相关性（r=0.478,n=175,P<0.001）。地理隔离效应是导致岛屿居群间遗传分化的重要因素。岛内居群间的遗传分化水平较低,仅有29.4%~29.7%的遗传多样性存在于居群间。聚类分析表明,43个居群可划分为10大类群,真藓遗传关系受地理因素和生境异质性的影响,水域隔离影响了真藓繁殖体在岛屿间的传播。     

海南植物增补（三）

本文继续报道海南岛新记录的植物,计24个新记录种,4个新记录属。1个新记录科,其中指叶瓶蕨在我国是首次发现。本文引用的标本,全部收藏在中国科学院华南植物研究所标本室(SCBI)。     

Edaphic factors and plant species distribution in a protected area in the desert of Bahrain Island

Effects of edaphic factors (salinity, pH, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, CaCO₃, water holding capacity, and grain size) on the spatial distribution of plants were investigated. Soil was sampled at 22 stands. Sixteen plant species were recorded from these stands. Relation between edaphic factors and plant distribution was investigated using correlation statistical analysis. Distribution of some plants was found to be highly correlated with edaphic factor(s).     

Short-term progressive early diagenesis in density bands of recent corals:Porites Colonies,Mauritius Island,Indian Ocean

Summary The growth history of some recentPorites colonies of Mauritius Island (Indian Ocean) was dated by sclerochronological methods. Couples of high-density and low-density bands represent the annual growth rate of the corals and allow the growth pattern of every year in the corallum to be counted. The growth and structure of the skeletons ofPorites solida andPorites lutea were investigated. Older parts of the aragonitic skeleton in these 10 to 20 year old corals show various secondary microstructures resulting from alterations and thickenings of the elements of the skeleton. The primary needle-like aragonite crystals are absent in older parts of the corallum and blocky aragonitic cements can occur. Pores and primary skeletal elements are overgrown by new microstructures. These microstructures are caused by secondary cementation and exhibit frontal zones (Stirnzonen), zigzag-like and pseudolamellar-structures. The lamellar structures can be compared with similar structures in the exoskeleton of some Rugosa. A very short early diagenesis within the recent corals is responsible for the thickening and alteration of skeletal elements. It occurs only 4 to 5 years after the formation of the skeleton and tends to increase in importance in older parts of the corallum. Nevertheless, there is no proof for any alteration of aragonite to calcite.     

Phytosaur remains (Reptilia,Thecodontia)from the Upper Triassic of North-Eastern Thailand

The recently discovered late Triassic vertebratelocality at Chulabhorn Dam (North-Eastern Thailand) has yielded incomplete remains (jaw fragments and teeth) of phytosaurs, which are apparently indicative of a form related to Belodon and Rutiodon. They can be interpreted as showing that in the late Triassic North-Eastern Thailand was already biogeographically part of Laurasia.